Sunday, September 30, 2007

'THE WILL TO WIN'

‘THE WILL TO WIN’
(Part 1)

By Doods Amora, PEE





Pacquiao-Barrera II is a certified brawl. One has to kiss the canvas for good. Will it be the Pacman? Or the Baby-Faced Assassin?

We have seen the quality of their first episode before. Will history replicate itself? Or a different story…?

It has been four years since we last saw Manny and Marco mixing it up inside the ring. This coming Sunday, we will see how these two warriors lock their horns once more for pride & glory and … the mega-bucks.

To Pacquiao, a repeat.
To Barrera, a revenge for lost pride…

To Pacquiao… this is a fight he can’t afford to lose.
To Barrera… it is the will to win…

Marco himself told the world, “Pacquiao has always been an ugly thorn on my side.”

Yes, the ‘will to win’. This could be the key. Virtually unknown in the USA four years ago, Pacquiao had lots of it. In a twist of events, now a 4-1 underdog, the ugly thorn in Barrera’s system has become the overshadowing passion for vengeance. To Marco, boxing this time is dead serious. And he has tons of motivation. Away from the preying eyes of the press and the public, Marco underwent a killer regimen in a secluded camp in Guadalajara. In fact, nothing has been seen or heard a sneak out of Marco Barrera’s camp. Only a carefully guarded sound of silence…

But Barrera is reportedly having monster training - focused, determined, sharpening his will to win as he vowed to beat Pacquiao convincingly. On the opposite side, Manny’s camp had occasionally been a circus with swarming crowds and press people video-taping his work-outs which for sure had already been feasted on in Barrera’s camp through the YouTube!


ROOTING FOR THE PACMAN

As a Filipino, I root for the Pacman. Peaking at 28, Manny is lightning fast, hits real hard, much younger and ready to devour all the viscerals out of the Mexican.

“Pacquiao is now a much better fighter than he was the first time he fought Barrera in 2003. Unlike the first match, Barrera now has to worry with two hands,” said Roach. Aside from Pacquiao’s wicked left straight, the right hook is getting better and better and a new weapon, the so-called Marco Bolo, said to be deadlier than the Manila Ice, has been added to Manny’s offensive arsenal.

The Pacman arguably is the most exciting pound-for-pound fighter and the finest featherweight in the planet.


BARRERA’S CHANCES

As many observers say, Marco has no chance of beating Manny. Barrera now is an ageing relic framed in a body that had long been pounded with the brutality of the sport. After 63 professional fights spanning 17 years, Marco must have been washed-up, weary and retireable. The tremendous hand speed of Pacquiao will again blind the wits of Marco and send him probably this time to full retirement.

However, Barrera can not be counted out just like that! He is a legend and his homework must have been dedicated to Manny’s flaws. Learning from the past mistakes, it is highly probable that his ring savvy and wile will ceaselessly outbox Manny to frustration. Known as a sharpshooter, Marco can pick his targets and counter Pacquiao accurately en-route to victory by decision or late knock-out. As Pacquiao usually gets a little clumsy when he throws his charges, Barrera can capitalize with that flaw and irritate Pacquiao with his powerful jabs and counter-punches. And consider those thudding uppercuts, powerful left hooks and right straights that sent scores of Marco’s ring foes to dreamland.


BARRERA’S ANTIDOTE

When Pacquiao attacks, back-pedaling by the opponent is mortal sin. Marco will surely be caught drowned by flashing combinations saturating the oxygen he breathes - similar to what happened in their first fight. But Barrera is capable of being extra-physical and can use his elbows, head and other tactics as seen in his previous fights.

And I would like to believe that the Mexican Camp has found an antidote to Pacman’s splurges. The antidote is archived in Pacquiao-Solis tape as it can be recalled that Solis was effective during the first five rounds. As Pacquiao lunges forward, Marco can do a Solis – stooping down low past Manny’s straight lefts & rights, suddenly upping his head thereafter clashing its full inertia to Manny’s face.

There you are gentlemen, a head butt which looks like an accident! As the crimson fluids leak profusely, the ensuing bleeding face will be reminiscent of Morales-Pacquiao I. And history repeats itself, I’m afraid. Bad break huh …?

That’s Marco’s placid silence is all about…

Yes, bad break.., part of the game. It always happens in a brutal sport as boxing. And Barrera’s Camp must have been invoking for Murphy’s Law.


THE PACMAN IS BEATABLE

In these times, nobody can beat Pacquiao, except himself. Manny’s hard work is known to be legendary, and there’s that magic in Freddie Roach. But the Pacman was breathing hard early in his fights with Fahsan and Solis, as one sportswriter wrote. The reason? His training was shorter than and not as intense as his training for MAB-PAC I, EM-PAC II & EM-PAC III episodes. Inputting into the equation his late night shooting of movies & commercials, night pool games, frequent trips to derbies and the perennial distractions, observers quip that Manny has got the habit of just preparing himself up to the par or the skills of his opponent.

Is Manny taking Barrera lightly? I hope not. Remember, Barrera is as sly as a Sicilian Mafioso.

Was training in the Philippines the best approach?

Roach’s pronouncements have always been in the positive. But Freddie must have known more and may have withheld some lapses which are not palatable to box-office sensibilities. That’s his job, understandably. To Manny’s ledger, Roach is just part of his payroll’s list. But latest sparring sessions in LA Wild Card Gym saw faults in Manny’s defense. Reportedly, Manny had been tagged in the head repeatedly not by one but by his two sparring partners. His defense is thus glaringly loose.

Over-confidence..?

With the tactically intelligent Barrera as opponent, this could be very disturbing. His loss to Juan Manuel Marquez had nothing to be ashamed of. It was anybody’s game. But the sweet science that Marco displayed in that fight proved that he has still the power with anyone in the super-featherweight business.

Plugging the hole, we are now hearing the phrase, “Manny’s best defense is his offense”. So be it. Manny must not allow Marco to score his points, easily. He must be all time busy from the starting bell up to the end – not allowing any window of opportunity to the crafty Barrera. And that means the relentless stamina of Superman sans a Kryptonite.

But then we have once seen the Manila Ice melted. This time, I wish not to see the Marco Bolo retrogressing into a “blunt small bolo”.


A BARRERA UPSET?

To me, Barrera’s hunger to get even is a psychological edge while Pacquiao’s pressure to stay on top is a disadvantage. After Pacquiao’s coronation in the PAC-EM III, for sure that constant pressure that comes with being a superstar will take its toll in time. Will Barrera pull off the upset?

Maybe yes…, maybe no.

To avoid being accused as acerbic, I am not predicting a Barrera upset. It’s not good for my health. Picking Barrera over Pacquiao certainly invites enemies in Paclandia. Personally, it would not be surprising to see a Round 1 runaway finish by the Pacman.

But perhaps Pacquiao needs to lose, as one sports writer in the Internet says.

We'll see... when time later sells us a trilogy.

PAC-MAB III, Anyone…?

DOODS AMORA, PEE
October 1, 2007

Thursday, September 27, 2007

TIPS IN SIZING NEUTRAL & GROUNDING CONDUCTORS

SIZING THE NEUTRAL & GROUND CONDUCTORS


The sizing of neutral conductors referred to in this article could mean both the current-carrying or non-current carrying Neutral, N. Subsequently, the equipment bonding ground conductor refers to the Protective Earth, PE. Using IEC terminology, if the system is a four-wire system, the fourth conductor is called PE/N (or just plain N by North American terminology) which can be applied as current-carrying neutrals and/or at the same time, acting as the equipment bonding ground conductor. Note that North America’s 3-phase, four-wire system, the IEC counterpart could either be the TN-C or TT four-wire schemes.

There are three main applications for the three-phase 4-wire system. One application is to serve line-to-line-connected three-phase & single-phase loads only; which in this case, the neutral is not a current-carrying conductor (common in the Philippines). The second application is to supply line-to-neutral connected single phase loads as in 220v loads in a 380vY system (EU) or 277v in 480vY or 120v in 208vY systems (USA). The third application is the combination of both line-to-line and line–to-neutral loads. Whenever there are loads connected to the neutral (L-N), the neutral becomes a current-carrying conductor as in the case of the second & third applications.

Almost similar to North America’s three-phase 4-wire system, in the five-wire systems (TN-S or TT 5-wire, which are European), the fourth wire is called the N and the fifth wire, the PE, meaning, the N is separated from the PE. The fourth wire N is meant to be current-carrying while the PE is not, during normal operating condition. The purpose of the PE is for equipotentiality effect and to act as current return path during ground fault conditions.

Before any sizing can be done and for purposes of common understanding, the grounding system discussed here shall be understood to have the following conditions:

a) Typical to the Philippine scenario is that the 3-phase system supplies three-phase or single phase line-to-line loads and is therefore not supposed to accommodate line-to-neutral loads. Thus for a 480v 3-phase system, three-phase loads can only be the 460v 3Φ motors. (Only a few isolated cases that 277v industrial lights are employed in this country). Common are the 480-240v LV/LV transformer sets-up where 230v lighting voltage is derived. The fourth wire in these installations thus is meant for ‘equipment grounding’ or ‘PE’ and therefore must not be mistaken as a current-carrying neutral.

b) The 3-phase 5-wire system referred to as TN-S or TT five-wire schemes are to serve three-phase line-to-line loads as well as single phase line-to-neutral loads. This is typical to European systems but only a few industries in the Philippines are employing this kind of system. This system however is best recommended for IT environments.

The Neutral Conductor N (this time separated from the Protective Earth) is intended to carry currents during normal conditions and therefore an active phase. The role of the PE is to complete the loop of ground current return paths and would only carry currents during faults. Acting as “equipment grounding”, the PE takes care of the stability and uniformity of the ground potential during faults.

c) The phase conductors of a power source (generators or transformers) or service entrance may be large enough that they are paralleled. In grounding system, it is important to establish the “equivalent” of these conductors. The term “equivalent of paralleled phase conductors” is explained as: “parallel phase conductors are to be converted into a single conductor per phase that has a cross-sectional area of its conductor material at least equal to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the conductor materials of the two or more parallel conductors per phase.” For instance, two parallel 500 MCM per phase copper THW cables conduits would be equivalent to a single conductor with a cross-sectional area of 500 + 500 or 1,000 MCM.


SIZING THE NEUTRAL & PE CONDUCTORS
IN THREE-PHASE 4-WIRE SYSTEM (TN-C or TT)


RELEVANT GROUNDING PRACTICES:

 The size of the PE conductor (if not intended as a current-carrying neutral) shall be for simplicity, NEC Table 250.122 provides ready recommendations.

 However, if the PE/N is intended to be current-carrying, the minimum size of the PE/N shall be the same as the size of the main phase conductors (100%), or maybe larger if third and other triplen harmonics are prevalent in the system.

 The size of the Electrode Conductor (EC) shall be in accordance to NEC Table 250.66.

DOODS A. AMORA, PEE
September 28, 2007

Wednesday, September 26, 2007

MODULE 4.0: INDUSTRIAL SUBSTATIONS & PROTECTION SYSTEM

MODULE 4.0: A COURSE ON INDUSTRIAL SUBSTATION & PROTECTION SYSTEM

October 3 - 5, 2007: PNOC Ormoc City, Philippines
October 10 -12, 2007: Mandaue City, Philippines
November 14 - 17, 2007: PANAY POWER CORP, Iloilo City Philippines

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The design of the industrial complex in concept needs to consider & integrate system voltages, loads, load growths, transformer MVA sizes, system configuration, transformer connections, system grounding, distribution systems, system components, switchgears, auxiliary systems and the protection system that the substations deserve. This is what is known in the industry as “System Integration”.

System Integration requires the competency & working knowledge in International Standards. Using IEEE/ANSI and IEC Standards, Module 4.0 covers how electrical systems are designed from the point of view of primary substations & secondary power centers in industrial applications and how power is distributed downstream. As equipment, components and apparatuses involved in this task are manufactured abroad, these equipment are designed & meant to operate under the bounds of these standards. The course thus provides insights how the engineer should fit his design outputs to the standards.

Experiences in best designing practices by others as well as the benchmarks gathered from several previous technical audits are interpreted viz-a-viz the behavior of industrial plant electrical systems. Attempts to simplify and focus on specific applicable areas in the Philippine scenario but cognizant to international standards are typical in this course.

Performing various functions in the power system, the Power Substation can be transforming voltages for transmission or distribution purposes. It can also be functioning as the hook-up sub-system with other generating plants or can be as simple as receiver of bulk power from a utility source.

Among others, the course covers the following:

1) Load Metrics, System Factors & Relations,
2) Distribution System Designing,
3) The Primary Unit Power Substation Designing,
4) Small Substations & Power Center Dimensioning,
5) Substation Protective Devices,
6) Auxiliary Systems in Substations,
7) Grid Substations
8) Substation System Protection, and,
9) Arming-Up & Coordination of Protective Relays.


COURSE OBJECTIVES

At the end of the module, the participants are expected be able to:

a) Calculate the loads of the Substation in concept,

b) Understand how the different types of Distribution Systems work and where applied,

c) Understand the functionalities of Grid Substations,

d) Determine appropriate sizes of Primary Unit Substation components, apparatuses and devices,

e) Determine appropriate sizes of components, apparatuses and devices for Power Centers and Small Substations,

f) Determine, select and specify Substation protective devices,

g) Establish, select and specify Station Battery system for Substations,

h) Understand the protection schemes for Substations,

i) Set, parameterize and co-ordinate the protective relays in Substations.



September 27, 2007